Back to Resources

Sociodemographic variation in dispositional forgivingness: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries

Everett L. Worthington, Jr.
Tyler J. VanderWeele
Richard G. Cowden
Caleb A. Chung
Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
Bryon R. Johnson
George Yancey
Johannes H. De Kock
Koichiro Shiba
Matt Bradshaw
R. Noah Padgett
All your life you’re told forgiveness is for you. But we’re never told why it’s for you. It means you’re working on owning your life.
Shani Tran
Therapist and Founder, The Shani Project
Forgiveness is nothing less than the way we heal the world. We heal the world by healing each and every one of our hearts. The process is simple, but it is not easy.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
Back to Resources

Sociodemographic variation in dispositional forgivingness: a cross-national analysis with 22 countries

Everett L. Worthington, Jr.
Tyler J. VanderWeele
Richard G. Cowden
Caleb A. Chung
Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
Bryon R. Johnson
George Yancey
Johannes H. De Kock
Koichiro Shiba
Matt Bradshaw
R. Noah Padgett
NO. of participants
Date
Type of Evidence
Type of Paper
Empiricism
open access
Yes
No
sample size

We used nationally representative data from the first wave of the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898) to (1) explore the distribution of forgivingness in 22 geographically and culturally diverse countries and (2) identify potential differences in dispositional forgivingness across nine sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, employment status, years of education, immigration status, frequency of religious service attendance, religious affiliation, racial/ethnic identity). Our descriptive analysis supported substantial cross-national variation in the proportion of people who endorsed ‘often/always’ forgiving others, ranging from .41 (Türkiye) to .92 (Nigeria). We estimated country-level descriptive statistics for forgivingness in each sociodemographic category, and then performed a series of random effects meta-analyses to aggregate results across countries. Meta-analytic results provided evidence of subgroup differences in forgivingness for religious service attendance and (to a lesser extent) age, with the highest forgivingness observed among people who attended religious services more than once a week and those 80 years or older. However, sociodemographic differences in forgivingness varied considerably across countries, including for those sociodemographic variables that did not show clear evidence of subgroup differences when country-specific estimates were pooled. Our findings lay the foundation for population-level assessment of forgiveness over time and public health strategies to promote forgiveness.

Research
General
No items found.
No items found.
Supporting Research
No items found.
Share this resource

Related Resources

No items found.